If I may put on my druid hat for a moment, the contrast of "making money out of nothing" and "banks convert trust in future value into money" strikes me as a potentially unhelpful binary. To make this a ternary, let me offer a blended option: a large part of what allows money and banking to work is societal trust. In a well-functioning economy, that trust is often-enough correct to allow banks to make money and farmers, businesses, and others to get the capital they need to create wealth/value. However, bankers are humans, who make mistakes, the economy is not always "well-functioning" for any of a zillion reasons, and the amount of uncertainty and complexity involved in a highly globalized economy is absolutely enormous. To say nothing of the fact that the banks and their can customers have wildly different goals and incentives. As such, while an ideal loan crystallizes some amount of "trust" into a monetized agreement, many loans end up being valued with money that is, in some way, not actually based on trust, based in misplaced trust, or is based on trust in the money, rather than in the underlying bet.

At any rate, reasonable folks may disagree.